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The use of electric scooters in public spaces in Germany is subject to clear legal requirements defined in the Electric Small Vehicle Ordinance (eKFV). A road-legal e-scooter must meet specific technical criteria to be legally ridden on cycle paths and roads. These include a maximum design speed of 20 km/h, a rated continuous motor power not exceeding 500 watts, two independent braking systems, as well as a compliant lighting system and a bell. The basis for legal use is the General Operating Permit (ABE), issued by the Federal Motor Transport Authority.
Choosing a suitable model should be based on an analysis of objective technical parameters that match individual usage requirements.
Motor power, measured in watts (W), influences acceleration and the ability to handle inclines. While the rated continuous power is limited to 500 W, the maximum power (peak power) can be higher and is crucial for performance on hills. Gradeability is given as a percentage (%) and describes the maximum incline the scooter can manage. For hilly urban areas, a model with high peak power and a gradeability of at least 15% is recommended.
Range is one of the most critical factors for commuters. It is primarily determined by the battery capacity, measured in watt-hours (Wh). A higher Wh number generally allows for a greater distance per charge. Manufacturer specifications for range are often determined under ideal conditions. Factors such as rider weight, outside temperature, tire pressure, and route profile (inclines) reduce the actual range in everyday use. For daily commutes of over 10 km each way, a battery capacity of over 400 Wh is advisable to ensure a sufficient reserve.
The eKFV mandates two independent brakes. Common systems include mechanical disc brakes, drum brakes, and electric brakes (often with recuperation for energy recovery). The combination of a mechanical brake (disc or drum) and an electric brake provides high deceleration performance and redundancy. Some models also integrate Traction Control Systems (TCS), which prevent the drive wheel from spinning on slippery surfaces and increase riding stability.
Tires are the direct connection to the road and influence comfort and safety. A distinction is made between pneumatic (air-filled) tires and solid rubber tires.
Additional suspension (e.g., on the front or rear wheel) absorbs shocks from uneven paths and significantly increases riding comfort, especially on longer journeys.
For commuters who want to take a foldable e-scooter on public transport or store it in the office, weight and the folding mechanism are crucial. Models under 17 kg are considered relatively lightweight. An intuitive and robust folding mechanism that allows the scooter to be compactly folded in a few seconds is advantageous here.
An e-scooter with app integration offers extended functionalities. A smartphone app can often be used to adjust riding modes, view riding statistics, check the remaining range, or activate an electronic immobilizer. Features like GPS tracking or integration into networks like Apple "Find My" provide additional anti-theft protection.
Based on the technical criteria mentioned above, we present a selection of models that are suited for different user profiles due to their specifications.
Why we recommend this product: The NIU KQi3 Pro is designed for comfort and stability. Its aerospace-grade aluminum alloy frame ensures a robust structure. With wider handlebars, a wider deck, and wide tubeless tires, it offers a very stable riding experience. The triple-braking system (front mechanical disc brake, dual rear disc brake, and electric brake) ensures high braking performance. App connectivity completes the package for tech-savvy users.
Pros:
Best for: This model is an excellent choice for daily commuters who value riding stability, a long range, and a robust build.
Why we recommend this product: The Xiaomi Electric Scooter 4 integrates seamlessly into the Xiaomi smart home ecosystem and offers a proven combination of design and functionality. With a peak power of 600 W, it delivers solid performance for city traffic. The dual braking system and compliance with the EN17128:2020 safety standard underscore its focus on safe operation. Its relatively low weight and folding mechanism make it a practical companion.
Pros:
Best for: Ideal for urban commuters and tech-savvy users who already use products from the Xiaomi ecosystem or are looking for a lightweight and smart solution for the city.
Why we recommend this product: The NAVEE ST3 stands out with a combination of high performance, long range, and advanced safety and comfort features. The rear motor with 1000 W peak power enables an impressive gradeability of 24%. A standout feature is the patented "Damping Arm" suspension system, which, combined with the 10-inch tubeless tires, ensures superior riding comfort. Smart features like Apple "Find My" integration and Traction Control (TCS) set it apart from many other models.
Pros:
Best for: This model is aimed at demanding users who need maximum performance for hilly terrain, a very long range, and the highest level of comfort and smart safety features.
While e-scooters offer a flexible solution for urban mobility, the market for electric micro-vehicles provides other interesting alternatives. Those interested in balance-based vehicles that offer a different riding experience can find more options in our unicycles category.
1. What does the ABE mean for an e-scooter? The General Operating Permit (ABE) is issued by the Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA) and confirms that an e-scooter model meets all technical and safety-related requirements of the German Electric Small Vehicle Ordinance (eKFV). Without a valid ABE, an e-scooter may not be used on public roads in Germany.
2. Do I need insurance for a road-legal e-scooter? Yes, valid liability insurance is mandatory for every e-scooter participating in public road traffic. Proof is provided by an insurance sticker (similar to the former moped license plate), which must be visibly attached to the rear of the scooter.
3. How fast can a road-legal e-scooter go in Germany? The maximum design speed for a road-legal e-scooter in Germany is legally limited to 20 km/h. Any manipulation to increase the speed will void the operating permit and insurance coverage.